KUMPULAN INFORMASI PERPAJAKAN
- All
- amazon store
- Category 2
-
- Browse more categories
- Akuntansi Pajak
- Global tax
- Media Release
- Pajak dan Negara
- Panduan Pajak
- Sejarah pajak
- Tanya jawab
- Tax Review
- Zakat
Archives
Pajak Usaha Furniture
1. | Kode Mata Anggaran Penerimaan (MAP) pada SSP bentuk baru, berubah dari semula hanya 4 angka menjadi 6 angka. (kode MAP baruterlampir) | |
2. | Sesuai dengan Pasal 8 Peraturan Menteri Keuangan Nomor PER-01/PJ./2006 sebagaimana telah diubah dengan Peraturan Menteri Keuangan Nomor PER-102/PJ./2006 maka dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut : | |
a. | Wajib pajak masih dapat menggunakan formulir SSP bentuklama (dengan kode MAP sebanyak 4 angka) dengan kode MAP lama hingga tanggal31 Desember 2006. | |
b. | Wajib Pajak masih dapat menggunakan formulir SSP bentuk lama (dengan kode MAP sebanyak) 4 angka dengan menggunakan kode MAP baru yaitu dengan cara menambahkan 2 angka disamping kolom MAP yang tersedia hingga tanggal 31 Desember 2006. | |
c. | Wajib Pajak dapat menggunakan formulir SSP bentuk baru dengan kode MAP baru. | |
Negeri yang Menangis
Lihatlah bagaimana sempatnya 'anggodoisasi' peradilan begitu leluasa dipertontonkan di negeri yang selalu melorot indeks persepsi korupsinya, meski Freedom House menyebut kita sebagai kampiun demokrasi. KPK yang merupakan cermin harapan jutaan rakyat Indonesia dibuat terseok-seok. Bayangkan sudah setengah tahun lebih energi bangsa terkuras untuk sebuah pelemahan sistematis komisi independen ini. Sang peniup peluit, Susno, harus mengemis-ngemis perlindungan negara untuk informasi-informasi penting terkait dengan kasus-kasus sejumlah pejabat penting yang merampok uang negara. Sementara di sisi lain elite kita terus saja sibuk menabur citra politiknya seperti lakon DPR kita di Senayan yang tak tahu malu menuntut dana aspirasi (dansa)--yang katanya--untuk pemerataan pembangunan dengan masing-masing memperoleh Rp15 miliar per tahun.
Padahal sebelumnya pemerintah juga sudah memberi anggota DPR semacam dana operasional sebesar Rp100 miliar per komisi yang tentunya akan semakin memewahkan kehidupan 'extravaganza' mereka setelah semua yang 'melekat di badan' mereka telah dibayar oleh rakyat. Dana aspirasi atau pun dana pedesaan/kelurahan yang digagas Golkar tetap akan menimbulkan skeptisisme publik ketika penskenarioan kepentingan publik begitu mudahnya dipentaskan dalam konflik kepentingan antarelite yang ujung-ujungnya hanya mengorbankan kepentingan rakyat.
Skeptisisme publik bisa berbuntut benar dengan bersandar pada asumsi miris bahwa berbagai kasus dan wacana yang diangkat elite ke permukaan khalayak akhir-akhir ini lebih sebagai pencerminan pertukaran kepentingan mirip fragmen Dramawan Marlove dalam karyanya The Jew of Malta yang intinya menampilkan suatu episode cerita sensasional nan bijak yang sesungguhnya direkayasa demi mengamankan tujuan-tujuan pribadi para perekayasanya. Semua ini menarik dan populis, tetapi sesungguhnya hanya sebuah manifestasi kekuatan kekuasaan untuk memanipulasi kesadaran publik. Proses ini yang coba dilakukan Machiavelli ketika ia mencoba memberi warna pada setiap kebijakan negara sehingga di masanya negara selalu identik dengan amoralitas yang melahirkan politisi mati rasa.
Ahmad Syafii Ma'arif sedang tidak melebih-lebihkan ketika dalam kuliah umumnya bertema Memberi wajah manusia pada kapitalisme, mungkinkah? mengatakan, "Elite kita sudah mati rasa." Cita rasa ketimuran yang punya rasa malu, solider, dan berempati tak lagi ditemui dalam diri elite kita.
Democrazy
Bayangkan, walau pada 16 Agustus 2007, Presiden Yudhoyono telah mencanangkan reformasi birokrasi yang diinisiasi di Depkeu, BPK, dan MA sebagai pilot project-nya. Tapi di tengah bertalu-talunya genderang reformasi birokrasi itu, kabar pahit justru dari Ditjen Pajak, bahwa kasus penggelapan pajak yang diselidiki per awal tahun 2008 ada sebanyak 50 kasus. Total perkiraan kerugian negara sebesar Rp325 miliar yang jika digabung dengan penggelapan pajak Asian Agri mencapai Rp1,625 triliun (Putra, 2009). Rentetan duit rakyat yang digelapkan pun terus bertambah hingga kasus Gayus di 2010 ini terkuak. Itu berarti reformasi birokrasi belum memberi harapan. Ada celah-celah birokrasi hukum yang memberi awan surga bagi perlawanan balik sang koruptor.
Ironisnya, semuanya berlangsung di negeri demokratis yang memvalidasi sebuah 'perangkap' idealisme bahwa masyarakatnya akan dikurung dalam cita-cita keadilan dan kesejahteraan lewat konstruksi moral perangkat institusi negaranya. Kita terkecoh, sebab buzzword (kata ajaib) demokrasi ala kita menyerupai analog Plato dalam bukunya yang keenam, The Republic. Ia menggenapkan demokrasi superfisial dalam analog kapten kapal yang tuli, rabun dekat, dan tolol yang menggambarkan politisi, birokrat pengguna instrumen kekuasaan publik--orang dengan cakrawala yang terbatas.
Mereka saling sengit berebut posisi kapten tanpa punya keterampilan bernavigasi dan membaca cuaca yang andal melalui proses belajar dari waktu ke waktu. Maka, jabatan/kekuasaan tiba di tangan bukan karena kualitas dan integritas diri, melainkan karena sistem merasa 'memang sudah waktunya'.
Bukankah juga korupsi sungguh sudah menjadi 'formula baku' sistem politik kekinian (Lay, 2006) seperti bursa pemilu kada, hanya mereka yang dekat dengan resources politik dan 'mampu membayar' sajalah yang berpeluang besar menjadi pemenang. Padahal, nominalitas jabatan yang diraih saat berkuasa tak seberapa. Selebihnya, pasti 'lembur' mencari uang haram dengan berbagai cara pintas.
Orang-orang dalam kekuasaan seperti itu pastilah orang yang tuli mendengar suara nurani, gagal membaca kepentingan orang yang terjauh dari habitatnya-–karena ia memang lebih peduli pada diri dan dinastinya--serta bodoh menerjemahkan kekuasaan sebagai navigasi menuju dermaga kesejahteraan bersama (bonum comune). Demokrasi seperti ini tak ubahnya democrazy yang melahirkan manusia yang sibuk menjarah isi kapal bangsa ketimbang menyiasati hadangan badai topan.
Almarhum Selo Sumardjan dalam buku Membasmi Korupsi karya Robert Klitgaard (1998) mengatakan, "Bagi saya, korupsi adalah suatu penyakit ganas yang menggerogoti kesehatan masyarakat seperti penyakit kanker yang setapak demi setapak menghabisi daya hidup manusia."
Jauh sebelumnya, Mochtar Loebis sudah mencetuskan wajah manusia Indonesia yang sesungguhnya 'tak berwajah' di mata republik yang agung, bermartabat, di antaranya hidup tanpa punya malu dan selalu menyukai jalan pintas.
Kanker jalan pintas yang menggerogoti kultur keseharian kita seperti saat kita memaknai sindrom kapitalisme yang dicandu mentah-mentah oleh para kaum pemuja hedonis dan konsumtivisme. Padahal di titik inilah toksin korupsi mulai meracuni bangsa.
Berwajah ganda
Bukankah korupsi itu juga sebadan dengan kapitalisme (Bel dan Capra, 1960)- yang berwajah ganda dan adaptif. Dirinya bisa menjadi puncak sejarah keselamatan dan nirwana para orang-orang jahat (bad guys) sekaligus bisa memorak-morandakan peradaban manusia. Laksana kapitalisme yang mampu beradaptasi di segala lini zaman, korupsi kini hadir dalam masyarakat konsumtif-kapitalis yang melempangkan transformasi kultur sebagai seni hidup tatkala interaksi sosial warga lebih mengakomodasi orang kaya--tetapi kotor--dalam jabatan sosial-politis ketimbang orang pintar, miskin, tetapi bersih. Bahkan yang bersih bisa dikorbankan di altar perkongsian kepentingan politik miopi.
Inilah mungkin indikasi dari era post-modernisme yang menyangkal 'rasionalitas tunggal' (kematian metanaratif) (Lyotard, 1984). Bahwa koruptor jangan semata dipandang sebagai manusia zombi atau monster tikus pengerat moralitas, tetapi dia juga sosok dewa bercahaya yang disembah 'publik', dimuliakan sebagai kaum berada (the have’s), yang bahkan memberikan jasa darah segar bagi suburnya klientalisme kekuasaan tempat ia hidup dan mencari makan. Karena itu, ia (korupsi) tetap dibutuhkan untuk menggemukkan para machiavellian republik yang kian kemaruk dan lupa daratan, selain diri sendiri.
Sudah separah inikah Indonesia sehingga moralitas, kejujuran, dan nasionalisme harus pensiun dini dari republik uzur yang para pemimpinnya justru diam-diam trengginas 'menangkar' para koruptor ini?
Oleh Umbu TW Pariangu Dosen FISIP Undana
- Latar Belakang Permasalahan
Di samping itu, dalam menjalankan perannya, daerah diberikan kewenangan yang seluas-luasnya disertai dengan pemberian hak dan kewajiban menyelenggarakan Otonomi Daerah dalam kesatuan sistem penyelenggaraan pemerintahan negara.2
- Terlaksananya pelayanan publik kepada masyarakat sesuai dengan standar layanan yang ditetapkan.
- Tercapainya transparansi dalam proses pelayanan publik.
- Meningkatnya etos kerja, profesionalisme dan kompetensi aparatur.
- Meningkatnya kemandirian masyarakat dalam mendapatkan pelayanan publik.
- Meningkatnya pengguna teknologi informasi dalam pemberian pelayanan publik.
- Meningkatnya peran masyarakat terhadap penilaian kinerja aparatur pelayanan publik.
KOMPILASI RANCANGAN UNDANG-UNDANG PAJAK PERTAMBAHAN NILAI (PPN)
BEBERAPA PERUBAHAN POKOK
UU PERPAJAKAN - PPN & PPn BM
- Penyerahan Barang Kena Pajak dalam rangka Penggabungan usaha tidak dikenakan PPN sepanjang pihak-pihak yang melakukan penggabungan usaha (merger) adalah Pengusaha Kena Pajak.
- Ekspor Jasa Kena Pajak (JKP)/Barang Kena Pajak (BKP) tidak Berwujud clikenakan tarif 0%.
- Untuk melindungi barang pertanian dalam negeri, menjamin pasokan bahan baku bagi industri pengolahan barang hasil pertanian, dan membantu petani mendapat hasil yang lebih baik, maka barang hasil pertanian diambil langsung dari sumbernya ditetapkan menjadi Bukan Barang Kena Pajak.
- Mempertegas bahwa jasa keuangan yang dilakukan oleh siapapun termasuk perbankan syariah tidak dikenakan Pajak Pertambahan Nilai.
- Jasa telpon umum dengan menggunakan uang logam, jasa di bidang penyediaan tempat parkir, jasa pengiriman uang dengan wesel pos ditetapkan sebagai jenis jasa yang tidak kenakan PPN.
- Barang hasil pertambangan umum ditetapkan sebagai barang Kena Paiak sehingga eksportir dapat meminta restitusi atas PPN masukan.
- Jasa anjak piutang yang diberikan oleh Secondary Mortgage Company (SMC) pada skema Secondary Mortgage Facility (SMF) dan Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) dalam rangka Sekuritisasi ditetapkan sebagai jasa yang tidak dikenakan PPN.
- Permohonan pengembalian di setiap Masa Pajak dapat diajukan oleh Wajib Pajak patuh dan pengusaha Kena Pajak Tertentu yang secara sistem memang akan mengalami kelebihan PajakMasukan. Untuk Pengusaha Kena Pajak lainnya, atas kelebihan pembayaran pajak dapat diajukan permohonan pengembalian pada akhir tahun buku.
- Untuk memberi kemudahan kepada Pengusaha Kena Pajak tertentu yang mengalami kesulitan mengikuti mekanisme PPN atau menghitung Pajak Pertambahan Nilai yang harus dibayar, maka diberikan pengaturan penggunaan deemed Pajak Masukan, yaitu pedoman untuk menghitung besarnya Pajak Masukan yang dapat dikreditkan.
- Dalam rangka mengurangi beban administrasi Wajib Pajak proses pemusatan tempat pajak terutang disederhanakan dan diberikan hanya berdasarkan penelitian.
- Definisi Barang Mewah akan disederhanakan hanya untuk barang tertentu yang nilainya di atas batas tertentu. ( Dm )
KUMPULAN INFORMASI PERPAJAKAN - KOMPILASI RANCANGAN UNDANG-UNDANG PAJAK PERTAMBAHAN NILAI (PPN)
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KORUPSI ANGGARAN PENDAPATAN BELANJA DAERAH (APBD) DI MALANG RAYA
- PENDAHULUAN
- TINJAUAN PUSTAKA DAN PENGEMBANGAN HIPOTESIS
- Pengertian Korupsi
- Pola-Pola Korupsi
- Faktor-Faktor Penyebab Korupsi
TAX HISTORY CHRONOLOGY
EGYPTDuring the various reins of the Egyptian Pharaohs tax collectors were known as scribes. During one period the scribes imposed a tax on cooking oil. To insure that citizens were not avoiding the cooking oil tax scribes would audit households to insure that appropriate amounts of cooking oil were consumed and that citizens were not using leavings generated by other cooking processes as a substitute for the taxed oil.
GREECE1
In times of war the Athenians imposed a tax referred to as eisphora. No one was exempt from the tax which was used to pay for special wartime expenditures. The Greeks are one of the few societies that were able to rescind the tax once the emergency was over. When additional resources were gained by the war effort the resources were used to refund the tax.
ROMAN EMPIRE
Athenians imposed a monthly poll tax on foreigners, people who did not have both an Athenian Mother and Father, of one drachma for men and a half drachma for women. The tax was referred to as metoikion
The earliest taxes in Rome were customs duties on imports and exports called portoria.1
Caesar Augustus was consider by many to be the most brilliant tax strategist of the Roman Empire. During his reign as "First Citizen" the publicani were virtually eliminated as tax collectors for the central government. During this period cities were given the responsibility for collecting taxes. Caesar Augustus instituted an inheritance tax to provide retirement funds for the military. The tax was 5 percent on all inheritances except gifts to children and spouses. The English and Dutch referred to the inheritance tax of Augustus in developing their own inheritance taxes.
During the time of Julius Caesar a 1 percent sales tax was imposed. During the time of Caesar Augustus the sales tax was 4 percent for slaves and 1 percent for everything else.1
Saint Matthew was a publican (tax collector) from Capernaum during Caesar Augustus reign. He was not of the old publicani but hired by the local government to collect taxes.
In 60 A.D. Boadicea, queen of East Anglia led a revolt that can be attributed to corrupt tax collectors in the British Isles. Her revolt allegedly killed all Roman soldiers within 100 miles; seized London; and it is said that over 80,000 people were killed during the revolt. The Queen was able to raise an army of 230,000. The revolt was crushed by Emperor Nero and resulted in the appointment of new administrators for the British Isles.1
The first tax assessed in England was during occupation by the Roman Empire.
Lady Godiva
Lady Godiva was an Anglo-Saxon woman who lived in England during the 11th century. According to legend, Lady Godiva's husband Leofric, Earl of Mercia, promised to reduce the high taxes he levied on the residents of Coventry when she agreed to ride naked through the streets of the town.
When Rome fell, the Saxon kings imposed taxes, referred to as Danegeld, on land and property. The kings also imposed substantial customs duties.
The 100 years War (the conflict between England and France) began in 1337 and ended in 1453. One of the key factors that renewed fighting in 1369 was the rebellion of the nobles of Aquitaine over the oppressive tax policies of Edward, The Black Prince.
Taxes during 14th century were very progressive; The 1377 Poll tax noted that the tax on the Duke of Lancaster was 520 times the tax on the common peasant.
Under the earliest taxing schemes an income tax was imposed on the wealthy, office holders, and the clergy. A tax on movable property was imposed on merchants. The poor paid little or no taxes.
Charles I was ultimately charged with treason and beheaded. However, his problems with Parliament came about because of a disagreement in 1629 about the rights of taxation afforded the King and the rights of taxation afforded the Parliament.
The King's Writ stated that individuals should be taxed according to status and means. Hence the idea of a progressive tax on those with the ability to pay was developed very early.
Other prominent taxes imposed during this period were taxes on land and various excise taxes. To pay for the army commanded by Oliver Cromwell, Parliament, in 1643, imposed excise taxes on essential commodities (grain, meat, etc.). The taxes imposed by Parliament extracted even more funds than taxes imposed by Charles I, especially from the poor. The excise tax was very regressive, increasing the tax on the poor so much that the Smithfield riots occurred in 1647. The riots occurred because the new taxes lowered rural laborers ability to buy wheat to the point where a family of four would starve. In addition to the excise tax, the common lands used for hunting by the peasant class were enclosed and peasant hunting was banned (hooray for Robin Hood).
A precursor to the modern income tax we know today was invented by the British in 1800 to finance their engagement in the war with Napoleon. The tax was repealed in 1816 and opponents of the tax, who thought it should only be used to finance wars, wanted all records of the tax destroyed along with its repeal. Records were publicly burned by the Chancellor of the Exchequer but copies were retained in the basement of the tax court.4
- COLONIAL AMERICA
- Colonists were paying taxes under the Molasses Act which was modified in 1764 to include import duties on foreign molasses, sugar, wine and other commodities. The new act was known as the Sugar Act.Because the Sugar Act did not raise substantial revenue amounts, the Stamp Act was added in 1765. The Stamp Act imposed a direct tax on all newspapers printed in the colonies and most commercial and legal documents.
- POST-REVOLUTION AMERICA
- In 1794 Settlers west of the Alleghenies, in opposition to Alexander Hamilton's excise tax of 1791, started what is now known as the "Whiskey Rebellion" The excise tax was considered discriminatory and the settlers rioted against the tax collectors . President Washington eventually sent troops to quell the riots. Although two settlers were eventually convicted of treason, the President granted each a pardon.
- In 1798 Congress enacted the Federal Property Tax to pay for the expansion of the Army and Navy in the event of possible war with France. In the same year, John Fries began what is referred to as the "Fries Rebellion," in opposition to the new tax. No one was injured or killed in the insurrection and Fries was arrested for treason but eventually pardoned by President Adams in 1800. Surprisingly, Fries was the leader of a militia unit called out to suppress the "Whiskey Rebellion."2
The Tax Act of 1861 proposed that "there shall be levied, collected, and paid, upon annual income of every person residing in the U.S. whether derived from any kind of property, or from any professional trade, employment, or vocation carried on in the United States or elsewhere, or from any source whatever.
The 1861 Tax Act was passed but never put in force. Rates under the Act were 3% on income above $800 and 5% on income of individuals living outside the U.S.
The Tax Act of 1862 was passed and signed by President Lincoln July 1 1862. The rates were 3% on income above $600 and 5% on income above $10,000. The rent or rental value of your home could be deducted from income in determining the tax liability. The Commissioner of Revenue stated "The people of this country have accepted it with cheerfulness, to meet a temporary exigency, and it has excited no serious complaint in its administration." This acceptance was primarily due to the need for revenue to finance the Civil War.
Although the people cheerfully accepted the tax, compliance was not high. Figures released after the Civil War indicated that 276,661 people actually filed tax returns in 1870 (the year of the highest returns filed) when the country's population was approximately 38 million.
The Tax Act of 1864 was passed to raise additional revenue to support the Civil War.
Senator Garret Davis, in discussing the guiding principle of taxation, stated "a recognition of the idea that taxes shall be paid according to the abilities of a person to pay."
Taxes rates for the Tax Act of 1864 were 5% for income between $600 and $5000; 7.5% for income between $5001 and $10,000; 10% on income above $10,000. The deduction for rent or rental value was limited to $200. A deduction for repairs was allowed.
With the end of the Civil War the public's accepted cheerfulness with regard to taxation waned. The Tax Act of 1864 was modified after the war. The rates were changed to a flat 5 percent with the exemption amount raised to $1,000. Several attempts to make the tax permanent were tried but by 1869 " no businessman could pass the day without suffering from those burdens" The Times. From 1870 to 1872 the rate was a flat 2.5 percent and the exemption amount was raised to $2,000.
The tax was repealed in 1872 and in its place was installed significant tariff restrictions that served as the major revenue source for the United States until 1913. In 1913 the 16th Amendment was passed, which allowed Congress authority to tax the citizenry on income from whatever source derived.
It should be noted that the Tax Act of 1864 was challenged several times. The Supreme Court unanimously supported the tax. After the war the tax was declared unconstitutional by the same court because it represented direct taxation on the citizenry which was not allowed under the constitution.
- 1930's
- During the 1930's federal individual income taxes were never more than 1.4 percent of GNP. Corporate taxes were never more than 1.6 percent of GNP. In 1990 those same taxes as a percent of GNP were 8.77 and 1.99 respectively.3
- 1 Adams, Charles, 1993, For Good and Evil: The Impact of Taxes on the Course of Civilization, Madison Books. 2 Rehnquist, William H. 1992 Grand Inquests :The Historic Impeachments of Justice Samuel Chase and President Andrew Johnson.William Morrow & Company, Inc. New York, NY. 3Steuerle, C. Eugene The Tax Decade 4 Adams, Charles 1998 Those Dirty Rotten TAXES, The Free Press, New York NY tax [AT] taxworld [DOT] org
EKONOMI KESEJAHTERAAN SYARIAH
KUMPULAN INFORMASI PERPAJAKAN - EKONOMI KESEJAHTERAAN SYARIAH